🐧 Linux 命令
Cron
Cron Cheat Sheet - 快速参考指南，收录常用语法、命令与实践。
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#cron#schedule
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Crontab Format
Format
CODE
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Min Hour Day Mon Weekday
CODE
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* * * * * command to be executed
CODE
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┬ ┬ ┬ ┬ ┬
│ │ │ │ └─ Day of Week (0=Sun .. 6=Sat)
│ │ │ └────── Month (1..12)
│ │ └─────────── Day of Month (1..31)
│ └──────────────── Hour (0..23)
└───────────────────── Minute (0..59)
| Field | Range | Special characters |
|---|---|---|
| Minute | 0 - 59 | , - * / |
| Hour | 0 - 23 | , - * / |
| Day of Month | 1 - 31 | , - * ? / L W |
| Month | 1 - 12 | , - * / |
| Day of Week | 0 - 6 | , - * ? / L # |
{.show-header}
Examples
| Example | Description |
|---|---|
*/15 * * * * | Every 15 mins |
0 * * * * | Every hour |
0 */2 * * * | Every 2 hours |
15 2 * * * | At 2:15AM (of every day) |
15 2 * * ? | At 2:15AM (of every day) |
10 9 * * 5 | At 9:10AM (of every Friday) |
0 0 * * 0 | At 12:00 AM, only on Sunday |
15 2 * * 1L | At 2:15am on the last monday of every month |
15 0 * * 4#2 | At 00:15am on the second thursday of every month |
0 0 1 * * | At 12:00 AM, on day 1 of the month (1st of month / monthly) |
0 0 1 1 * | At 12:00 AM, on day 1 of the month, only in January (1st of month) |
@reboot | Every reboot <br>(non-standard) |
Cron Generator
<widget name="cron"/>
Special strings
| Special String | Meaning |
|---|---|
| @reboot | Run once, at system startup (non-standard) |
| @yearly | Run once every year, "0 0 1 1 *" (non-standard) |
| @annually | (same as @yearly) (non-standard) |
| @monthly | Run once every month, "0 0 1 * *" (non-standard) |
| @weekly | Run once every week, "0 0 * * 0" (non-standard) |
| @daily | Run once each day, "0 0 * * *" (non-standard) |
| @midnight | (same as @daily) (non-standard) |
| @hourly | Run once an hour, "0 * * * *" (non-standard) |
Crontab command
| - | - |
|---|---|
crontab -e | Edit or create a crontab file if doesn’t already exist. |
crontab -l | Display the crontab file. |
crontab -r | Remove the crontab file. |
crontab -v | Display the last time you edited your crontab file.<br>(non-standard) |
{.shortcuts}
Special characters
| Special Character | Description |
|---|---|
Asterik(*) | Matches all values in the field or any possible value. |
Hyphen(-) | Used to define a range.Ex: 1-5 in 5th field(Day Of Week) Every Weekday i.e., Monday to Friday |
Slash (/) | 1st field(Minute) /15 meaning every fifteen minute or increment of range. |
Comma (,) | Used to separate items.Ex: 2,6,8 in 2nd fields(Hour) executes at 2am,6am and 8am |
L | It is allowed only for Day of Month or Day Of Week field, 2L in Day of week indicates Last tuesday of every month |
Hash (#) | It is allowed only for Day Of Week field, which must be followed within range of 1 to 5. For example, 4#1 means "The first Thursday" of given month. |
Question mark (?) | Can be instead of '*' and allowed for Day of Month and Day Of Week. Usage is restricted to either Day of Month or Day Of Week in a cron expression. |
Also see
- Devhints (devhints.io)
- Crontab Generator (crontab-generator.org)
- Crontab guru (crontab.guru)
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