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Vim

Vim Cheat Sheet - 快速参考指南，收录常用语法、命令与实践。

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#vim#editor

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Getting Started

Motion Diagrams

BASH

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▼/▶ Cursor   ▽/▷ Target

Left-right motions

BASH

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┌───────────── |
├───────────── 0      $ ──────────────┐
│  ┌────────── ^      fe ────────┐    │
│  │  ┌─────── Fo     te ───────┐│    │
│  │  │┌────── To     30| ───┐  ││    │
│  │  ││ ┌──── ge     w ───┐ │  ││    │
│  │  ││ │ ┌── b      e ─┐ │ │  ││    │
│  │  ││ │ │  ┌h      l┐ │ │ │  ││    │
▽  ▽  ▽▽ ▽ ▽  ▽▼      ▼▽ ▽ ▽ ▽  ▽▽    ▽
   echo "A cheatsheet from quickref.me"

Up-down motions

BASH

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                 - SCREEN 1 START
   ┌─┬─────────▷ #!/usr/bin/python
   │ │     ┌───▷
   │ │     │     print("Hello")
   │ │     { } ▶ print("Vim")
   │ │       │   print("!")
   │ │       └─▷
   │ │ ┌───┬───▷ print("Welcome")
G gg H M L k j ▶ print("to")
│        │   └─▷ print("cheatsheets.zip")
│        │       print("/vim")
│        │
│        └─────▷
│                - SCREEN 1 END
└──────────────▷ print("SCREEN 2")

Motions

Shortcut	Description
`h` \| `j` \| `k` \| `l`	Arrow keys
`<C-u>` / `<C-d>`	Half-page up/down
`<C-b>` / `<C-f>`	Page up/down

Words

Shortcut	Description
`b` / `w`	Previous/Next word
`ge` / `e`	Previous/Next end of word

Line

Shortcut	Description
`0` (zero) / `$`	Start/End of line
`^`	Start of line (non-blank)

Character

Shortcut	Description
`Fe` / `fe`	Move to previous/next `e`
`To` / `to`	Move before/after previous/next `o`
<code>\|</code>/ <code>n\|</code>	Go to first/`n`th column

Document

Shortcut	Description
`gg` / `G`	First/Last line
`:n` \| `nG`	Go to line `n`
`}` / `{`	Next/Previous empty line

Window

Shortcut	Description
`H` / `M` / `L`	Top/Middle/Bottom screen
`zt` / `zz` / `zb`	Top/Center/Bottom this line

Insert Mode

Shortcut	Description
`i` / `a`	Insert before/after cursor
`I` / `A`	Insert start/end of line
`o` / `O` (letter)	Insert new line below/above
`s` / `S`	Delete char/line and insert
`C` / `cc`	Change to end of/current line
`gi`	Insert at last insert point
`Esc` \| `<C-[>`	Exit insert mode

Saving and Exiting

Shortcut	Description
`:w`	Save
`:q`	Close file
`:wq` \| `:x` \| `ZZ`	Save and quit
`:wqa`	Save and quit all files
`:q!` \| `ZQ`	Force quit
`:qa`	Close all files
`:qa!`	Force quit all files
`:w` now.txt	Write to `now.txt`
`:sav` new.txt	Save and edit `new.txt`
`:w` !sudo tee %	Write to readonly file

Normal Mode

Shortcut	Description
`r`	Replace one character
`R`	Enter Replace mode
`u` / `3u`	Undo changes `1` / `3` times
`U`	Undo changes on one line
`J`	Join with next line
`<C-r>` / 5 `<C-r>`	Redo changes `1` / `5` times

Cut and paste

Shortcut	Description
`x`	Delete character (Cut)
`p` / `P`	Paste after/before
`xp`	Swap two characters
`D`	Delete to end of line (Cut)
`dw`	Delete word (Cut)
`dd`	Delete line (Cut)
`ddp`	Swap two lines
`yy`	Yank line (Copy)
`"*p` \| `"+p`	Paste from system clipboard
`"*y` \| `"+y`	Paste to system clipboard

In visual mode

Shortcut	Description
`d` \| `x`	Delete selection (Cut)
`s`	Replace selection
`y`	Yank selection (Copy)

Repeating

Shortcut	Description
`.`	Repeat last command
`;`	Repeat latest `f`, `t`, `F` or `T`
`,`	Repeat latest `f`, `t`, `F` or `T` reversed
`&`	Repeat last `:s`
`@:`	Repeat a command-line command

Visual mode

Shortcut	Description
`v`	Enter visual mode
`V`	Enter visual line mode
`<C-v>`	Enter visual block mode
`ggVG`	Select all text
`>` / `<`	Shift text right/left

Macros

-	-
`qi`	Record macro `i`
`q`	Stop recording macro
`@i`	Run macro `i`
`7@i`	Run macro `i` 7 times
`@@`	Repeat last macro

You can save macro for any letters not just i

Vim Operators

Usage

Shortcut	Description
`d`	<yel>w</yel>
Operator	Motion

Combine operators with motions to use them

Available Operators

Shortcut	Description
`d`	Delete
`y`	Yank (copy)
`c`	Change (delete then insert)
`p`	Paste
`=`	Formats code
`g~`	Toggle case
`gU`	Uppercase
`gu`	Lowercase
`>`	Indent right
`<`	Indent left
`!`	Filter through external program

Examples

Combination	Description
`d`<yel>d</yel>	Delete current line
`d`<yel>j</yel>	Delete two lines
`d`<yel>w</yel>	Delete to next word
`d`<yel>b</yel>	Delete to beginning of word
`d`<yel>fa</yel>	Delete until `a` char
`d`<yel>/hello</yel>	Delete until `hello`
`c`<yel>c</yel>	Change current line, synonym with `S`
`y`<yel>y</yel>	Copy current line
`>`<yel>j</yel>	Indent 2 lines
gg`d`<yel>G</yel>	Delete a complete document
gg`=`<yel>G</yel>	Indent a complete document
gg`y`<yel>G</yel>	Copy a whole document

Counts

CODE

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[count] <operator> <motion>
<operator> [count] <motion>

Combination	Description
2`d`<yel>d</yel>	Delete `2` lines
6`y`<yel>y</yel>	Copy `6` lines
`d`3<yel>w</yel>	Delete `3` words
`d`5<yel>j</yel>	Delete `5` lines downwards
`>`4<yel>k</yel>	Indent `4` lines upwards

Vim Text objects

Usage

Shortcut	Description	-
`v`	<pur>i</pur> / <pur>a</pur>	<yel>p</yel>
Operator	<pur>i</pur>nner / <pur>a</pur>round	Text object

Operate with an operator inner or around text blocks

Text objects

Shortcut	Description
<yel>p</yel>	Paragraph
<yel>w</yel>	Word
<yel>W</yel>	WORD <br/>(surrounded by whitespace)
<yel>s</yel>	Sentence
<yel>[</yel> <yel>(</yel> <yel>{</yel> <yel><</yel>	A [], (), or {} block
<yel>]</yel> <yel>)</yel> <yel>}</yel> <yel>></yel>	A [], (), or {} block
<yel>'</yel> <yel>"</yel> <yel>`</yel>	A quoted string
<yel>b</yel>	A block [(
<yel>B</yel>	A block in [{
<yel>t</yel>	A HTML tag block

See :help text-objects

Delete

Shortcut	Description
`d`<pur>i</pur><yel>w</yel>	Delete inner word
`d`<pur>i</pur><yel>s</yel>	Delete inner sentence
`d`<pur>i</pur><yel>"</yel>	Delete in quotes
`d`<pur>a</pur><yel>"</yel>	Delete in quotes (including quotes)
`d`<pur>i</pur><yel>p</yel>	Delete a paragraph

Selections

Shortcut	Description
`v`<pur>i</pur><yel>"</yel>	Select inner quotes "`...`"
`v`<pur>a</pur><yel>"</yel>	Select quotes `"..."`
`v`<pur>i</pur><yel>[</yel>	Select inner brackets [`...`]
`v`<pur>a</pur><yel>[</yel>	Select brackets `[...]`
`v`<pur>i</pur><yel>w</yel>	Select inner word
`v`<pur>i</pur><yel>p</yel>	Select inner paragraph
`v`<pur>i</pur><yel>p</yel><pur>i</pur><yel>p</yel>	Select more paragraph

Misc

Shortcut	Description
`c`<pur>i</pur><yel>w</yel>	Change inner word
`c`<pur>i</pur><yel>"</yel>	Change inner quotes
`c`<pur>i</pur><yel>t</yel>	Change inner tags (HTML)
`c`<pur>i</pur><yel>p</yel>	Change inner paragraph
`y`<pur>i</pur><yel>p</yel>	Yank inner paragraph
`y`<pur>a</pur><yel>p</yel>	Yank paragraph (including newline)

Vim Multiple files

Buffers

-	-
`:e file`	Edit a file in a new buffer
`:bn`	Go to the next buffer
`:bp`	Go to the previous buffer
`:bd`	Remove file from buffer list
`:b 5`	Open buffer #5
`:b file`	Go to a buffer by file
`:ls`	List all open buffers
`:sp file`	Open and split window
`:vs file`	Open and vertically split window
`:hid`	Hide this buffer
`:wn`	Write file and move to next
`:tab ba`	Edit all buffers as tabs

Windows

-	-
`<C-w>` `s`	Split window
`<C-w>` `v`	Split window vertically
`<C-w>` `w`	Switch windows
`<C-w>` `q`	Quit a window
`<C-w>` `T`	Break out into a new tab
`<C-w>` `x`	Swap current with next
`<C-w>` `-` / `+`	Decrease/Increase height
`<C-w>` `<` / `>`	Decrease/Increase width
`<C-w>` <code>\|</code>	Max out the width
`<C-w>` `_`	Max out the height
`<C-w>` `=`	Equally high and wide
`<C-w>` `h` / `l`	Go to the left/right window
`<C-w>` `j` / `k`	Go to the up/down window

Tabs

Shortcut	Description
`:tabe [file]`	<yel>E</yel>dit file in a new tab
`:tabf [file]`	Open if exists in new tab
`:tabc`	<yel>C</yel>lose current tab
`:tabo`	Close <yel>o</yel>ther tabs
`:tabs`	List all <yel>tabs</yel>
`:tabr`	Go to fi<yel>r</yel>st tab
`:tabl`	Go to <yel>l</yel>ast tab
`:tabm 0`	<yel>M</yel>ove to position `0`
`:tabn`	Go to <yel>n</yel>ext tab
`:tabp`	Go to <yel>p</yel>revious tab

Normal mode

Shortcut	Description
`gt`	Go to <yel>n</yel>ext tab
`gT`	Go to <yel>p</yel>revious tab
`2gt`	Go to tab number `2`

Vim Search and Replace

-	-
`/foo`	Search forward
`/foo\c`	Search forward (case insensitive)
`?foo`	Search backward
`/\v\d+`	Search with regex
`n`	Next matching search pattern
`N`	Previous match
`*`	Search for current word forward
`#`	Search for current word backward

Replace LINE

VIM

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:[range]s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]


`:s/old/new`	Replace first
`:s/old/new/g`	Replace all
`:s/\vold/new/g`	Replace all with regex
`:s/old/new/gc`	replace all (Confirm)
`:s/old/new/i`	Ignore case replace first
`:2,6s/old/new/g`	Replace between lines `2`-`6`

Replace FILE

VIM

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:%s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]


`:%s/old/new`	Replace first
`:%s/old/new/g`	Replace all
`:%s/old/new/gc`	Replace all (Confirm)
`:%s/old/new/gi`	Replace all (ignore case)
`:%s/\vold/new/g`	Replace all with regex

Ranges

-	-
`%`	Entire file
`’<,’>`	Current selection
`5`	Line `5`
`5,10`	Lines `5` to `10`
`$`	Last line
`2,$`	Lines `2` to Last
`.`	Current line
`,3`	Next `3` lines
`-3,`	Forward `3` lines

Global command

VIM

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:[range]g/{pattern}/[command]


`:g/foo/d`	Delete lines containing `foo`
`:g!/foo/d`	Delete lines not containing `foo`
`:g/^\s*$/d`	Delete all blank lines
`:g/foo/t$`	Copy lines containing `foo` to EOF
`:g/foo/m$`	Move lines containing `foo` to EOF
`:g/^/m0`	Reverse a file
`:g/^/t.`	Duplicate every line

Inverse :g

VIM

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:[range]v/{pattern}/[command]


`:v/foo/d`	Delete lines not containing `foo`<br/>(also `:g!/foo/d`)

Flags

-	-
`g`	Replace all occurrences
`i`	Ignore case
`I`	Don't ignore case
`c`	Confirm each substitution

Substitute expression (magic)

-	-
`&` \| `\0`	Replace with the whole matched
`\1`...`\9`	Replace with the group 0-9
`\u`	Uppercase next letter
`\U`	Uppercase following characters
`\l`	Lowercase next letter
`\L`	Lowercase following characters
`\e`	End of `\u`, `\U`, `\l` and `\L`
`\E`	End of `\u`, `\U`, `\l` and `\L`

Examples

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:s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g		         # Modifies "a b"      to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
:s/test/\U& file/                # Modifies "test"     to "TEST FILE"
:s/\(test\)/\U\1\e file/         # Modifies "test"     to "TEST file"
:s/\v([abc])([efg])/\2\1/g	     # Modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
:s/\v\w+/\u\0/g		             # Modifies "bla bla"  to "Bla Bla"
:s/\v([ab])|([cd])/\1x/g         # Modifies "a b c d"  to "ax bx x x"
:%s/.*/\L&/                      # Modifies "HTML"     to "html"
:s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g        # Make every first letter of a word uppercase
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1/\1/              # Remove duplicate lines
:%s/<\/\=\(\w\+\)\>/\U&/g        # Convert HTML-Tags to uppercase
:g/^pattern/s/$/mytext           # Find and append text to the end
:g/pattern/norm! @i              # Run a macro on matching lines
/^\(.*\)\(\r\?\n\1\)\+$          # View the duplicates lines
/\v^(.*)(\r?\n\1)+$              # View the duplicates lines (very magic)
:v/./,/./-j                      # Compress blank lines into a blank line
:g/<p1>/,/<p2>/d                 # Delete inclusively from <p1> to <p2>

Vimdiff

Usage

SHELL

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$ vimdiff file1 file2 [file3]
$ vim -d file1 file2 [file3]

Editing

CODE

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:[range]diffget [bufspec]
:[range]diffput [bufspec]

Shortcut	Description
`do` / `:diffget`	Obtain (get) difference
`dp` / `:diffput`	Put difference
`:dif`	Re-scan differences
`:diffo`	Switch off diff mode
`:1,$+1diffget`	Get all differences
`ZQ`	Quit without changes

See: Ranges

Folds

Shortcut	Description
`zo` / `zO`	Open
`zc` / `zC`	Close
`za` / `zA`	Toggle
`zv`	Open folds for this line
`zM`	Close all
`zR`	Open all
`zm`	Fold more (foldlevel += 1)
`zr`	Fold less (foldlevel -= 1)
`zx`	Update folds

Jumping

<br>

Shortcut	Description
`]c`	Next difference
`[c`	Previous difference

Quickfix List (Advanced)

Usage

The Quickfix List is primarily used to navigate a list of errors/warnings (or file locations) generated by a compiler or linter.

Shortcut	Description
`:copen`	Open the quickfix window
`:cclose`	Close the quickfix window
`:cnext`	Go to the next error/location (`:cn` also works)
`:cprevious`	Go to the previous error/location (`:cp` also works)
`:clist`	List all errors/locations in the list
`:cf [file]`	Populate the list with errors from a file (e.g., a compiler log)

Quickfix Do (`:cdo` and `:cfdo`)

The :cdo (quickfix do) and :cfdo (quickfix file do) commands execute a command in every file listed in the quickfix list. :cdo iterates over every location in the list, while :cfdo iterates over every unique file in the list.

Command	Description
`:cdo [cmd]`	Execute `[cmd]` for every location in the quickfix list.
`:cfdo [cmd]`	Execute `[cmd]` for every unique file in the quickfix list.

Miscellaneous

Case

Shortcut	Description
`vU`	Uppercase character
`vu`	Lowercase character
`~`	Toggle case character
`viw` `U`	Uppercase word
`viw` `u`	Lowercase word
`viw` `~`	Toggle case word
`VU` / `gUU`	Uppercase line
`Vu` / `guu`	Lowercase line
`V~` / `g~~`	Toggle case line
`gggUG`	Uppercase all text
`ggguG`	Lowercase all text
`ggg~G`	Toggle case all text

Jumping

Shortcut	Description
`<C-o>`	Go back to previous
`<C-i>`	Go forward
`gf`	Go to file in cursor
`ga`	Display hex, ascii value

Misc command-lines

-	-
`:h`	Help open help view
`:edit!`	Reload current file
`:2,8m0`	Move lines `2`-`8` to `0`
`:noh`	Clear search highlights
`:sort`	Sort lines
`:ter`	Open a terminal window
`:set paste`	Enable Insert Paste sub-mode
`:set nopaste`	disable Insert Paste sub-mode
`:cq`	Exiting with an error<br/>(aborting Git)

Navigating

Shortcut	Description
`%`	Nearest/matching `{[()]}`
`[(` \| `[{`	Previous `(` or `{`
`])` \| `]{`	Next `)` or `}`
`[m`	Previous method start
`[M`	Previous method end

Counters

Shortcut	Description
`<C-a>`	Increase number
`<C-x>`	Decrease number

Shortcut	Description
`:tag Classname`	Jump to first definition of Classname
`<C-]>`	Jump to definition
`g]`	See all definitions
`<C-t>`	Go back to last tag
`<C-o> <C-i>`	Back/forward
`:tselect Classname`	Find definitions of Classname
`:tjump Classname`	Find definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st)

-	-
`:ce 8`	Center lines between `8` columns
`:ri 4`	Right-align lines at `4` columns
`:le`	Left-align lines

Shortcut	Description
<code>`^</code>	Last position of cursor in insert mode
<code>`.</code>	Last change in current buffer
<code>`"</code>	Last exited current buffer
<code>`0</code>	In last file edited
<code>''</code>	Back to line in current buffer where jumped from
<code>``</code>	Back to position in current buffer where jumped from
<code>`[</code>	To beginning of previously changed or yanked text
<code>`]</code>	To end of previously changed or yanked text
<code>`<</code>	To beginning of last visual selection
<code>`></code>	To end of last visual selection
`ma`	Mark this cursor position as `a`
<code>`a</code>	Jump to the cursor position `a`
`'a`	Jump to the beginning of the line with position `a`
<code>d'a</code>	Delete from current line to line of mark `a`
<code>d`a</code>	Delete from current position to position of mark `a`
<code>c'a</code>	Change text from current line to line of `a`
<code>y`a</code>	Yank text from current position to position of `a`
`:marks`	List all current marks
`:delm a`	Delete mark `a`
`:delm a-d`	Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`, `d`
`:delm abc`	Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`

Shortcut	Description
`<C-r>` `=` 7*7	Shows the result
`<C-r>` `=` 10/2	Shows the result

-	-
`:!<shell>`	Interpret Shell Command
`:r!<shell>`	Read in output of shell
`:r!date`	Insert date
`:!!date`	Replace current line with date

Also see

Devhints (devhints.io)
Vim cheatsheet (vim.rotrr.com)
Vim documentation (vimdoc.sourceforge.net)
Interactive Vim tutorial (openvim.com)

Shortcut	Description
`<C-r><C-w>`	Insert current word into the command line
`<C-r>"`	Paste from " register
`<C-x><C-f>`	Auto-completion of path in insert mode

Vim

Getting Started

Left-right motions

Up-down motions

Words

Line

Character

Document

Window

In visual mode

Vim Operators

Vim Text objects

Vim Multiple files

Normal mode

Vim Search and Replace

Vimdiff

Quickfix List (Advanced)

Miscellaneous

Also see

相关 Cheat Sheets

Git

VS Code

Regex

Markdown

NPM